Darkover
Illuminated
- Jul 29, 2021
- 3,821
Drift velocity, the average speed at which electrons travel in a conductor when subjected to an electric field, is about 1mm per second.
It's the electromagnetic wave rippling through the electrons that propagates at close to the speed of light.
calculation shows that the electron is traveling at about 2,200 kilometers per second.
That's less than 1% of the speed of light, but it's fast enough
2,200 kilometers to meters equals 2200000 meters
2200 kilometers to nanometers
2.2e+15
2,200,000,000,000,000
6,250,000,000,000,000,000 electrons per second for a amp
2,200,000,000,000,000
2,200,000
2,200,000,000*1000
1000 millimeters in 1 meter
2,200,000,000,000,000 * 1,000,000 1 million because 1 nm equal 1 milion
Electrons Can Travel Over 100 Times Faster In Graphene Than In Silicon, Physicists Show
220,000,000,000,000,000 2,200,000,000,000,000*100
If you could travel at the speed of light, you could go around the Earth 7.5 times in one second
300,000,000,000,000,000 nanometers
2,200,000,000,000,000 electron
die size
192 mm²
192,000,000*192,000,000
36,864,000,000,000,000 nm
300,000,000,000,000,000/192,000,000
2,200,000,000,000,000/192,000,000
stright line
lights can travle from one end to the another 1,562,500,000 times per second
electrons can travle from one end to the another 11,458,333 times per second
145,164,960,000,000,000
145 quadrillion seconds 4.6 billion years
409,968,000,000,000,000 seconds 13 billion years
time the earth been formed
time the universe as been ticking
1,000,000,000,000,000,000 one cubic mm
602,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 one mole
6,250,000,000,000,000,000 electrons per second for a amp
3,273,200,000,000,000,000,000,000 nm in the human brain
Avogadro constant is the number 6.02x10^23
^ 23deicmal places
107 grams of silver in one mole
602,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 atoms
63.55 grams of copper in one mole
196.967 grams of gold in one mole
4.002602 grams helium gas in one mole
1.411 million tonnes of Silver in the world 1,411,000
grams in a ton 907,185
907,185 / 107 equal 8478
8478.364485981308411214953271028
8478 moles in one ton of silver
1,411,000 * 8478
11,962,458,000 billion
12 billion moles of silver in the world
602,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 one mole
7,224,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 atoms of Silver
10,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 atoms in a human 100,000,000,000,000*100,000,000,000,000
100 trillion atoms in a human cell. Approximately the same number of cells are in the entire human body
1 moles H2O, 18.01528 grams.
1000 grams in a litre of water
average weight of a man 83,600 grams, 83kg
amino acid a protein with a mass of 64kDa has a molecular weight of 64,000 grams per mole. that's a heavey protein
12.001 grams of carbon contains the same # of atoms as 196.967 grams of gold
The adult human brain weighs about 3 pounds (1,300-1,400 g).
The adult human brain is about 2% of the total body weight.
The average human brain is 140 mm wide. 140,000000
The average human brain is 167 mm long. 167,000000
The average human brain is 140 mm height. 140,000000
3,273,200,000,000,000,000,000,000 nm in the human brain
181,881 tons of gold
1nm A hydrogen atom is about 0.1 nanometers
Atoms used in silicon chip fabrication are around 0.2nm
how many nanometers in a millimeter 1,000,000 nm
cubic nanometer (nm³) measurement unit of volume with sides equal to one nanometer
1 cubic mm of silicon there are 125,000,000,000,000,000,000 atoms. 125=5x5x5 1 cubic nm of silicon 125 atoms
1 cubic mm 1,000,000,000,000,000,000
light speed in meters per second
300,000,000 meters
300,000,000,000 millimeters
300,000,000,000,000 micrometers
300,000,000,000,000,000 nanometers
electron speed in meters per second
2,200,000 meters
2,200,000,000 millimeters
2,200,000,000,000 micrometers
2,200,000,000,000,000 nanometers
a high-end desktop x86 processor can execute over
100,000,000,000 billion instructions per second
2,200,000,000,000,000/100,000,000,000
22,000 nanometers per instructions
Intel 4004 92,000 instructions per second
100,000,000,000 billion instructions per second
Moore's "law," which forecasts processor power will double every two years,
1971 to 2017 46 years 46/2 23 years
92,000 ips 2300tc 50 years/2 25 steps of doubling
184,000 1 4600
368,000 2 9200
736,000 3 18400
1,472,000 4 36000
2,944,000 5
5,888,000 6
11,776,000 7
23,552,000 8
47,104,000 9
94,208,000 10
188,416,000 11
376,832,000 12
753,664,000 13
1,507,328,000 14
3,014,656,000 15
6,029,312,000 16
12,058,624,000 17
24,117,248,000 18
48,234,496,000 19 1,205,862,400
96,468,992,000 20 2,411,724,800
192,937,984,000 21 4,823,449,600
385,875,968,000 22 9,646,899,200 transistor count
771,751,936,000 23 19,293,798,400 tc
1,543,503,872,000 24 38,587,596,800 tc
3,087,007,744,000 25 77,175,193,600 transistor count
another 50 years gives below results should not be possible for moores law to go for another 50 years reach a peek
approaching one nanometer scale within the next 9 years 2025
103,582,791,429,521,400,000 inst per sec, 2,589,569,785,738,035,000 tc by 2071
bruteforce was never an option
kiloFLOPS kFLOPS 10^3 1000
megaFLOPS MFLOPS 10^6 1000000
gigaFLOPS GFLOPS 10^9
teraFLOPS TFLOPS 10^12
petaFLOPS PFLOPS 10^15
exaFLOPS EFLOPS 10^18
zettaFLOPS ZFLOPS 10^21
yottaFLOPS YFLOPS 10^24
worlds fastest super computer 2016
93,000,000,000,000,000 93petaFLOPS quadrillion floating point operations per second
900,000,000,000,000,000,000 all the world computers
i3 os windows 10 real time
Floating Point Operations/Second:
97,372,708
Integer Operations/Second:
206,342,312
today it takes
4 years to double performance
cpu mostly use a single layer of transistors 14nm 70 atoms think in all 3 dimensions 70*70*70, dimensions maxium 343,000 atoms
ryzen
Transistor count is .... 8-core Ryzen, 4,800,000,000, 2017, AMD, 14 nm, 192 mm² 2017
300,000,000,000 billion instructions
1090t 45nm, 346mm2 in size, contains ~904 million transistors 2010 78,000,000,000 billion inst
1 billion on 2010
2 billion on 2012
4 billion on 2014
8 billion on 2016
most least significant bit,
msb,lsb,big,little,endian msb[1,0,0,1]lsb, pop3,imap,rc4,base64,xml,zlib,registry,opengl,rsa,ssl,md5,xor cipher ,ftp,html,ports 80,20,21 , mysql, http, post,get,cgi,sockets, win32api,gui,windows,inf,rgb,palette
binary 8,4,2,1, zero and ones 0011,logic and not or nand xor nor,shift bits left right,power,sin,cos,sqr,sqrt,min,max,degress to radians,abs,floor,wrap,pi 3.14159,vector,normalize, magnitude ,direction,dot and cross product, hash functions sha1, ascii characters set,
strings,int, float, integer,short,word,dword,boolean,byte,bits, binary,octal,decimal,hex,matrix,ocr,neuron,weight,threshold,socks4,tcp ip,fat32, ntfs, exfat,partition, GUID, 8 bit 256, 16 bit 65536, 32,64,128, #FF , frequency, amplitude, gdi, ram,rom,circular buffer ,Inverse-square law, point_direction, distributed hash table, peer routing table, bootstrap node, pwm, random, randomseed,
kb 1024, 1000
mb=1024*1024, 1,000,000
gb=1024*1024*1024 1,000,000,000
tb=1024*1024*1024*1024 1,000,000,000,000
3d, view frustrum ,backface culling, painter's algorithm, ray tracing, binary space partitioning (BSP) , Visible Surface, md2 3d model, polygons quads,fps,camera
circle,point,x,y,radius,diameter,circumference
circle radius,
circumference divided by diameter gives PI,
by multiplying 3.14 pi by the diameter of the circle gives the circumference
point_distance(x1,y1,x2,y2), x = pow(x1-x2,2) y = pow(y1-y2,2) return sqrt(x + y)
if distance between two circles is less than combind radius than colliding with eath other
cellular automata,turing machine, lexer, parser, virtual machine interpreter, bytecode, x86 asm, opcodes, z80,6502,arm,4000 chips,pic12f675, nop 0x90
CPU, alu, control unit, registers, fetch,program counter, data bus, address bus, store, load, interrupt,, system clock, full adder, shift register, jk flip-flop, bcd, decoder, multiplexer,opcode
asymmetry, symmetry,
bresenham's line algorithm, flood fill, eclipse,virtual screen, c malloc,dos mode 0x13, 0xA000, 256-Color.
texture mapping,sprite,texture atlas
steering behaviors flee,arrival,wander,seek,
delta time, frame rate independent movement, system time,
1000 millseconds per second , pixels per second 120
120/1000= 0.12 *elsapedtime, delta time
1000/60(fps) =16.666666666666666666666666666667
0.12*16.666*60 =120 pixels, bitmap
0.12 speed
16.666 delta_time
x+=cos(angle)*speed*delta_time;
y-=sin(angle)*speed*delta_time;
k value between 1 and 26 the key,
shift cipher,
cipher mod 26,
perlin noise, encryption alice bob, private, public,key,
linear interpolation,lerp,distance -kademlia,field of view, serialization, deserialization, json, inputs, outputs, dma,immediate,absolute,memory mapping, lookup tables,truth tables,stacks, pop, push,top ,queues,first in first out, last in first out, FIFO & LILO , LIFO & FILO, link list, double linked list, node,child,root,head,tail,pointer,
two's complement, addition, subtraction, a star, modulo, windows environment variables, a variable
a=not(a) toggle on and off 0,1 repeatedly
(angle * (PI/180)) degtorad
(angle * (180/PI)) radtodeg
and_bits(test_integer, 1) = 0 is_odd or is_even
record input steam plus delta time between frames
then to playback replace the delta time with the record dt and to keep the same game state make everything deterministic and update each system with the dt, use the record input stream to create the output stream at each tick of the game 8 bits for movment 1 bit for each button plus 4 bytes for the dt
also a global seed for the random_seed function saved
function wrap_between(integer v,integer min, integer max)
return v - (max - min) * floor( v / (max - min))
end function
hash a image
image_data[23,1,66,12,11,7...] rgb colour values from a picture 24bit
16,777,216 colors
for i=1 to length(image_data) do
hash_index+=image_date
end for
return wrap_between(hash_index, 0,1000) room for one thousand images with hash collisions
packet protocol 5 bytes+data
5 byte header+data, per packet type
[1,0,0,0,10]+['h','e','l','l','o']
first byte packet id 0--255
next four bytes, data length is the total size of the packet-5
read and write ,byte,string,int,float,bool,short
if (buffer>=5)
{
packet_id=buffer[0]
packet_length=buffer[1..4]
if (packet_length>length(buffer)-5)
{
//packet is ready to be read
packet_id //decides the amount and type of bytes to read from the data buffer
}
}
32*32=1024 total number of pixels
1024*8=8192 total number of bits
256 colours per pixel
2^8192 total number of pictures
8192 bit full adder
constant number_of_bits=8192
sequence a,b,cin,sum,cout
a=repeat(0,number_of_bits)
b=repeat(0,number_of_bits)
cin=repeat(0,number_of_bits)
sum=repeat(0,number_of_bits)
cout=repeat(0,number_of_bits)
integer xor1
xor1=0
for i=1 to number_of_bits do
if cout=1 then
cin=1
end if
xor1=xor_bits(a,b)
sum=xor_bits(xor1,cin)
if (a=1 and b=1) or ( xor1=1 and cin=1) then
cout[i+1]=1
end if
end for
?sum
for i=1 to 8192 do
skip_speed = rand(1)
end for
value=sum
a=VALUE
b=skip_speed
reset values
add or subtract mode
need two's complement for subtraction
skip forward by 8192 bits constant skip_speed
display image on screen 32,32 resize to 320,320
gain some limited access to all images 2^8192
apache,7zip,euphoria,dev c++,code blocks,visual stuido,java, game maker,allegro,sdl,ollydbg, cheat engine,filezilla,virtualbox,bit torrent, camstudio,core temp,cpu-z,dosbox,firefox,fscapture,vcl player,tortoiseSvn,magic disk,power iso, fraps, joytokey,gpu-z
It's the electromagnetic wave rippling through the electrons that propagates at close to the speed of light.
calculation shows that the electron is traveling at about 2,200 kilometers per second.
That's less than 1% of the speed of light, but it's fast enough
2,200 kilometers to meters equals 2200000 meters
2200 kilometers to nanometers
2.2e+15
2,200,000,000,000,000
6,250,000,000,000,000,000 electrons per second for a amp
2,200,000,000,000,000
2,200,000
2,200,000,000*1000
1000 millimeters in 1 meter
2,200,000,000,000,000 * 1,000,000 1 million because 1 nm equal 1 milion
Electrons Can Travel Over 100 Times Faster In Graphene Than In Silicon, Physicists Show
220,000,000,000,000,000 2,200,000,000,000,000*100
If you could travel at the speed of light, you could go around the Earth 7.5 times in one second
300,000,000,000,000,000 nanometers
2,200,000,000,000,000 electron
die size
192 mm²
192,000,000*192,000,000
36,864,000,000,000,000 nm
300,000,000,000,000,000/192,000,000
2,200,000,000,000,000/192,000,000
stright line
lights can travle from one end to the another 1,562,500,000 times per second
electrons can travle from one end to the another 11,458,333 times per second
145,164,960,000,000,000
145 quadrillion seconds 4.6 billion years
409,968,000,000,000,000 seconds 13 billion years
time the earth been formed
time the universe as been ticking
1,000,000,000,000,000,000 one cubic mm
602,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 one mole
6,250,000,000,000,000,000 electrons per second for a amp
3,273,200,000,000,000,000,000,000 nm in the human brain
Avogadro constant is the number 6.02x10^23
^ 23deicmal places
107 grams of silver in one mole
602,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 atoms
63.55 grams of copper in one mole
196.967 grams of gold in one mole
4.002602 grams helium gas in one mole
1.411 million tonnes of Silver in the world 1,411,000
grams in a ton 907,185
907,185 / 107 equal 8478
8478.364485981308411214953271028
8478 moles in one ton of silver
1,411,000 * 8478
11,962,458,000 billion
12 billion moles of silver in the world
602,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 one mole
7,224,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 atoms of Silver
10,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 atoms in a human 100,000,000,000,000*100,000,000,000,000
100 trillion atoms in a human cell. Approximately the same number of cells are in the entire human body
1 moles H2O, 18.01528 grams.
1000 grams in a litre of water
average weight of a man 83,600 grams, 83kg
amino acid a protein with a mass of 64kDa has a molecular weight of 64,000 grams per mole. that's a heavey protein
12.001 grams of carbon contains the same # of atoms as 196.967 grams of gold
The adult human brain weighs about 3 pounds (1,300-1,400 g).
The adult human brain is about 2% of the total body weight.
The average human brain is 140 mm wide. 140,000000
The average human brain is 167 mm long. 167,000000
The average human brain is 140 mm height. 140,000000
3,273,200,000,000,000,000,000,000 nm in the human brain
181,881 tons of gold
1nm A hydrogen atom is about 0.1 nanometers
Atoms used in silicon chip fabrication are around 0.2nm
how many nanometers in a millimeter 1,000,000 nm
cubic nanometer (nm³) measurement unit of volume with sides equal to one nanometer
1 cubic mm of silicon there are 125,000,000,000,000,000,000 atoms. 125=5x5x5 1 cubic nm of silicon 125 atoms
1 cubic mm 1,000,000,000,000,000,000
light speed in meters per second
300,000,000 meters
300,000,000,000 millimeters
300,000,000,000,000 micrometers
300,000,000,000,000,000 nanometers
electron speed in meters per second
2,200,000 meters
2,200,000,000 millimeters
2,200,000,000,000 micrometers
2,200,000,000,000,000 nanometers
a high-end desktop x86 processor can execute over
100,000,000,000 billion instructions per second
2,200,000,000,000,000/100,000,000,000
22,000 nanometers per instructions
Intel 4004 92,000 instructions per second
100,000,000,000 billion instructions per second
Moore's "law," which forecasts processor power will double every two years,
1971 to 2017 46 years 46/2 23 years
92,000 ips 2300tc 50 years/2 25 steps of doubling
184,000 1 4600
368,000 2 9200
736,000 3 18400
1,472,000 4 36000
2,944,000 5
5,888,000 6
11,776,000 7
23,552,000 8
47,104,000 9
94,208,000 10
188,416,000 11
376,832,000 12
753,664,000 13
1,507,328,000 14
3,014,656,000 15
6,029,312,000 16
12,058,624,000 17
24,117,248,000 18
48,234,496,000 19 1,205,862,400
96,468,992,000 20 2,411,724,800
192,937,984,000 21 4,823,449,600
385,875,968,000 22 9,646,899,200 transistor count
771,751,936,000 23 19,293,798,400 tc
1,543,503,872,000 24 38,587,596,800 tc
3,087,007,744,000 25 77,175,193,600 transistor count
another 50 years gives below results should not be possible for moores law to go for another 50 years reach a peek
approaching one nanometer scale within the next 9 years 2025
103,582,791,429,521,400,000 inst per sec, 2,589,569,785,738,035,000 tc by 2071
bruteforce was never an option
kiloFLOPS kFLOPS 10^3 1000
megaFLOPS MFLOPS 10^6 1000000
gigaFLOPS GFLOPS 10^9
teraFLOPS TFLOPS 10^12
petaFLOPS PFLOPS 10^15
exaFLOPS EFLOPS 10^18
zettaFLOPS ZFLOPS 10^21
yottaFLOPS YFLOPS 10^24
worlds fastest super computer 2016
93,000,000,000,000,000 93petaFLOPS quadrillion floating point operations per second
900,000,000,000,000,000,000 all the world computers
i3 os windows 10 real time
Floating Point Operations/Second:
97,372,708
Integer Operations/Second:
206,342,312
today it takes
4 years to double performance
cpu mostly use a single layer of transistors 14nm 70 atoms think in all 3 dimensions 70*70*70, dimensions maxium 343,000 atoms
ryzen
Transistor count is .... 8-core Ryzen, 4,800,000,000, 2017, AMD, 14 nm, 192 mm² 2017
300,000,000,000 billion instructions
1090t 45nm, 346mm2 in size, contains ~904 million transistors 2010 78,000,000,000 billion inst
1 billion on 2010
2 billion on 2012
4 billion on 2014
8 billion on 2016
most least significant bit,
msb,lsb,big,little,endian msb[1,0,0,1]lsb, pop3,imap,rc4,base64,xml,zlib,registry,opengl,rsa,ssl,md5,xor cipher ,ftp,html,ports 80,20,21 , mysql, http, post,get,cgi,sockets, win32api,gui,windows,inf,rgb,palette
binary 8,4,2,1, zero and ones 0011,logic and not or nand xor nor,shift bits left right,power,sin,cos,sqr,sqrt,min,max,degress to radians,abs,floor,wrap,pi 3.14159,vector,normalize, magnitude ,direction,dot and cross product, hash functions sha1, ascii characters set,
strings,int, float, integer,short,word,dword,boolean,byte,bits, binary,octal,decimal,hex,matrix,ocr,neuron,weight,threshold,socks4,tcp ip,fat32, ntfs, exfat,partition, GUID, 8 bit 256, 16 bit 65536, 32,64,128, #FF , frequency, amplitude, gdi, ram,rom,circular buffer ,Inverse-square law, point_direction, distributed hash table, peer routing table, bootstrap node, pwm, random, randomseed,
kb 1024, 1000
mb=1024*1024, 1,000,000
gb=1024*1024*1024 1,000,000,000
tb=1024*1024*1024*1024 1,000,000,000,000
3d, view frustrum ,backface culling, painter's algorithm, ray tracing, binary space partitioning (BSP) , Visible Surface, md2 3d model, polygons quads,fps,camera
circle,point,x,y,radius,diameter,circumference
circle radius,
circumference divided by diameter gives PI,
by multiplying 3.14 pi by the diameter of the circle gives the circumference
point_distance(x1,y1,x2,y2), x = pow(x1-x2,2) y = pow(y1-y2,2) return sqrt(x + y)
if distance between two circles is less than combind radius than colliding with eath other
cellular automata,turing machine, lexer, parser, virtual machine interpreter, bytecode, x86 asm, opcodes, z80,6502,arm,4000 chips,pic12f675, nop 0x90
CPU, alu, control unit, registers, fetch,program counter, data bus, address bus, store, load, interrupt,, system clock, full adder, shift register, jk flip-flop, bcd, decoder, multiplexer,opcode
asymmetry, symmetry,
bresenham's line algorithm, flood fill, eclipse,virtual screen, c malloc,dos mode 0x13, 0xA000, 256-Color.
texture mapping,sprite,texture atlas
steering behaviors flee,arrival,wander,seek,
delta time, frame rate independent movement, system time,
1000 millseconds per second , pixels per second 120
120/1000= 0.12 *elsapedtime, delta time
1000/60(fps) =16.666666666666666666666666666667
0.12*16.666*60 =120 pixels, bitmap
0.12 speed
16.666 delta_time
x+=cos(angle)*speed*delta_time;
y-=sin(angle)*speed*delta_time;
k value between 1 and 26 the key,
shift cipher,
cipher mod 26,
perlin noise, encryption alice bob, private, public,key,
linear interpolation,lerp,distance -kademlia,field of view, serialization, deserialization, json, inputs, outputs, dma,immediate,absolute,memory mapping, lookup tables,truth tables,stacks, pop, push,top ,queues,first in first out, last in first out, FIFO & LILO , LIFO & FILO, link list, double linked list, node,child,root,head,tail,pointer,
two's complement, addition, subtraction, a star, modulo, windows environment variables, a variable
a=not(a) toggle on and off 0,1 repeatedly
(angle * (PI/180)) degtorad
(angle * (180/PI)) radtodeg
and_bits(test_integer, 1) = 0 is_odd or is_even
record input steam plus delta time between frames
then to playback replace the delta time with the record dt and to keep the same game state make everything deterministic and update each system with the dt, use the record input stream to create the output stream at each tick of the game 8 bits for movment 1 bit for each button plus 4 bytes for the dt
also a global seed for the random_seed function saved
function wrap_between(integer v,integer min, integer max)
return v - (max - min) * floor( v / (max - min))
end function
hash a image
image_data[23,1,66,12,11,7...] rgb colour values from a picture 24bit
16,777,216 colors
for i=1 to length(image_data) do
hash_index+=image_date
end for
return wrap_between(hash_index, 0,1000) room for one thousand images with hash collisions
packet protocol 5 bytes+data
5 byte header+data, per packet type
[1,0,0,0,10]+['h','e','l','l','o']
first byte packet id 0--255
next four bytes, data length is the total size of the packet-5
read and write ,byte,string,int,float,bool,short
if (buffer>=5)
{
packet_id=buffer[0]
packet_length=buffer[1..4]
if (packet_length>length(buffer)-5)
{
//packet is ready to be read
packet_id //decides the amount and type of bytes to read from the data buffer
}
}
32*32=1024 total number of pixels
1024*8=8192 total number of bits
256 colours per pixel
2^8192 total number of pictures
8192 bit full adder
constant number_of_bits=8192
sequence a,b,cin,sum,cout
a=repeat(0,number_of_bits)
b=repeat(0,number_of_bits)
cin=repeat(0,number_of_bits)
sum=repeat(0,number_of_bits)
cout=repeat(0,number_of_bits)
integer xor1
xor1=0
for i=1 to number_of_bits do
if cout=1 then
cin=1
end if
xor1=xor_bits(a,b)
sum=xor_bits(xor1,cin)
if (a=1 and b=1) or ( xor1=1 and cin=1) then
cout[i+1]=1
end if
end for
?sum
for i=1 to 8192 do
skip_speed = rand(1)
end for
value=sum
a=VALUE
b=skip_speed
reset values
add or subtract mode
need two's complement for subtraction
skip forward by 8192 bits constant skip_speed
display image on screen 32,32 resize to 320,320
gain some limited access to all images 2^8192
apache,7zip,euphoria,dev c++,code blocks,visual stuido,java, game maker,allegro,sdl,ollydbg, cheat engine,filezilla,virtualbox,bit torrent, camstudio,core temp,cpu-z,dosbox,firefox,fscapture,vcl player,tortoiseSvn,magic disk,power iso, fraps, joytokey,gpu-z
