3,273,200,000,000,000,000,000,000 nm in the human brain now compare that to how many transistors in
Tesla D1 chip features 50,000,000,000 transistors we have along way to go
how many photons does the sun emit
1,383,279,502,884,197,169,399,375,105,820,974,944,592,307,816 photons/s
119,515,349,049,194,635,436,106,009,142,932,235,212,775,395,302,400 total number of photons over 24 hours
The team found that the amount of starlight, or the number of photons (particles of visible light) that stars have emitted throughout
the history of the observable universe is 4×10^84 photons. Or, alternatively,
4,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 photons.
Photons Last At Least One Quintillion Years, New Study Of Light Particles Suggests. The particles that make up light, photons,
may live for at least 1 quintillion (1 billion multiplied by 1 billion 1,000,000,000,000,000,000) years,
how many atoms in the universe
There are between 10^78 to 10^82atoms in the observable universe. That's between ten quadrillion vigintillion and one-hundred thousand
quadrillion vigintillion atoms.
How long will stars exist in the universe?
Stars are expected to form normally for (1–100 trillion) years, but eventually the supply of gas needed for star formation will be exhausted. As existing stars run out of fuel and cease to shine, the universe will slowly and inexorably grow darker.
Your 12-foot-long fuel rod full of those uranium pellet, lasts about six years in a reactor, until the fission process uses that uranium fuel up
According to the NEA, identified uranium resources total 5.5 million metric tons, and an additional 10.5 million metric tons remain undiscovered—a roughly 230-year supply at today's consumption rate in total
If the Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) has accurately estimated the planet's economically accessible uranium resources, reactors could run more than 200 years at current rates of consumption.
Most of the 2.8 trillion kilowatt-hours of electricity generated worldwide from nuclear power every year is produced in light-water reactors (LWRs) using low-enriched uranium (LEU) fuel. About 10 metric tons of natural uranium go into producing a metric ton of LEU, which can then be used to generate about 400 million kilowatt-hours of electricity, so present-day reactors require about 70,000 metric tons of natural uranium a year.
Ryzen Threadripper 3990X has 128MB of L3 cache and operates at 2.9 GHz by default, but can boost up to 4.3 GHz, depending on the workload. AMD is building the Ryzen Threadripper 3990X on a 7 nm production process using 3,800 million transistors.
threadripper 3990x transistor count 39.54 billion transistors
The result is that there have been 2,913,276,327,576,980,000,000 transistors shipped since the technology was invented 26 May 2014 . That's 2.9 sextillion. To put that number into perspective, there are only 200 billion stars in the Milky Way, and 100 trillion cells in the human body.
Each 7nm compute chiplet features ~3.9 billion transistors, while the 12nm I/O die has ~8.34 billion transistors. For the eight-CCD 3990X that yields a total of ~39.54 billion transistors spread out over an amazing ~1008 square millimeters of silicon.
The world's largest chip: 2.6 trillion transistors and 850000 cores cost 2million usd
IBM's new 2nm chip features about 333 million transistors per square millimeter (MTr/mm2).
For comparison, TSMC's most advanced chips, built using its 5nm process,
feature about 173 million transistors per square millimeter (MTr/mm2), while Samsung's 5nm chips feature about 127 MTr/mm2.
10 Most Abundant Elements In Earth's Crust
Oxygen - 46.1%
Silicon - 28.2%
Aluminium - 8.23%
Iron - 5.63%
Calcium - 4.15%
Sodium - 2.36%
Magnesium - 2.33%
Potassium - 2.09%
Titanium - 0.565%
Hydrogen - 0.140%
How many Megawatts are in a Gigawatt? The answer is one Gigawatt is equal to 1000 Megawatts.
A single gigawatt is 1000 megawatts or 1 billion watts.
For conventional generators, such as a coal plant, a megawatt of capacity will produce electricity that equates to about the same amount of electricity consumed by 400 to 900 homes in a year.
on aravge 650 homes times 500 325,000 homes from one 500mw power plant 398,300,000
The main fuels used in nuclear fusion are deuterium and tritium, both heavy isotopes of hydrogen. Deuterium constitutes a tiny fraction of natural hydrogen, only 0,0153%, and can be extracted inexpensively from seawater. Tritium can be made from lithium, which is also abundant in nature.
Although hydrogen is the most abundant element in the universe (three times as abundant as helium, the next most widely occurring element), it makes up only about 0.14 percent of Earth's crust by weight.
A single 500-MW fusion power plant is expected to require about 50 kilograms (kg) of tritium fuel per year
Tritium - $30,000 per gram. 50000 gram 50KG 1,500,000,000 usd 1.5usd billion
Non-renewable sources of hydrogen, such as oil and natural gas, are much cheaper, but using them still puts a drain on our fossil fuels supplies. Ironically, the carbon dioxide released in the process of producing hydrogen from fossil fuels cancels out any benefits to the environment.
Although hydrogen energy is renewable and has minimal environmental impact, other non-renewable sources such as coal, oil and natural gas are needed to separate it from oxygen. While the point of switching to hydrogen is to get rid of using fossil fuels, they are still needed to produce hydrogen fuel.
Hydrogen is an energy carrier and can be produced from a wide variety of sources. Hydrogen from renewables can be produced through various pathways, with the most established being the use of renewable electricity to split water into hydrogen and oxygen in an electrolyser
Fusion energy could be the most cost-effective solution for clean baseload power, four times cheaper than nuclear, complementing the need to continue rolling out renewable energy technologies as fast as possible to achieve a zero carbon global energy system by 2050.
A MWh equals 1,000 kilowatt hours Ó enough to supply the average power requirement for around 2000 homes for an hour.
$20 per MWh and the national average levelized price
500mw 500,000,000 watts / 2000 homes for a hour 250,000 a 500mw power plant can power 250,000 homes
500mw 500,000,000 watts / 1000 1,000 kilowatt hours 500000
500mw x 2000 = 1,000,000 homes
it
average electricity bill for 3 bedroom house uk
3 bedroom house in the UK is: £51.44 /Month. £617.29 /Year.
617/365 = 1.69 / 24
cost per hour per home for enrgy 0.0704337899543379
$20 per MWh 2000 homes times 0.07 =140
profit 120 per MWh
Inertial confinement fusion could deliver Levelised Cost Of Energy (LCOE) as low as $25/MWh compared with $50/MWh for onshore wind and $100/MWh for nuclear energy,
if moore's law contiunes for the next 50 years
will we have chips with 2,589,569,785,738,035,000 transistor count by 2071
but moores law is coming to a end soon within the next decade where at 7nm now and
we can't keep going for much longer maybe 1nm will be the limit we need
quantum computer to be massive superior to classical computers,
i think we're along way off from a super super intelligent machine
mathematics can't create emotion or consciousness therefor
we don't live inside a computer simulation artificial intelligence is deterministic
for a given input and gives a certain output there's no choice
The 2nd Law of Thermodynamics describes basic principles familiar in everyday life.
It is partially a universal law of decay; the ultimate cause of why everything ultimately
falls apart and disintegrates over time. Material things are not eternal.
Everything appears to change eventually, and chaos increases.
Nothing stays as fresh as the day one buys it; clothing becomes faded, threadbare,
and ultimately returns to dust.2 Everything ages and wears out. Even death is a manifestation of this law. The effects of the 2nd Law are all around, touching everything in the universe.
i'll think you'll find humans can never get free from their own minds we all die at some point within the next 100 years
a 'complexity brake': "The more we learn, the more we realize there is more to know, and the more we have to go back and revise our earlier understandings."
Light waves, radio waves and all of the other electromagnetic waves travel at the speed of light—about 300,000,000 meters per second!
The galaxy of the Milky Way, if it were about 110,000 light-years in diameter (more recent research suggests it's even bigger than that).
The itsy bitsy blue dot is how far our radio signals have travelled from Earth - a diameter of about 200 light-years.
Space is super, duper big, and humanity's reach into it? It's super, duper small.
we've been leaking radio signals into space for over 100 years.
Many of those are probably garbled by the ionosphere. Even those that aren't (like Earth-space communications), by the time they're 100 light-years away, are so attenuated and weak that they're basically undetectable anyway.
If you could travel at the speed of light, you could go around the Earth 7.5 times in one second
300,000,000,000,000,000 nanometers
2,200,000,000,000,000 electron
die size
192 mm²
192,000,000*192,000,000
36,864,000,000,000,000 nm
300,000,000,000,000,000/192,000,000
2,200,000,000,000,000/192,000,000
stright line
lights can travle from one end to the another 1,562,500,000 times per second
electrons can travle from one end to the another 11,458,333 times per second
145,164,960,000,000,000
145 quadrillion seconds 4.6 billion years
409,968,000,000,000,000 seconds 13 billion years
time the earth been formed
time the universe as been ticking
1,000,000,000,000,000,000 one cubic mm
602,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 one mole
6,250,000,000,000,000,000 electrons per second for a amp
3,273,200,000,000,000,000,000,000 nm in the human brain
Avogadro constant is the number 6.02x10^23
^ 23deicmal places
107 grams of silver in one mole
602,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 atoms
63.55 grams of copper in one mole
196.967 grams of gold in one mole
4.002602 grams helium gas in one mole
1.411 million tonnes of Silver in the world 1,411,000
grams in a ton 907,185
907,185 / 107 equal 8478
8478.364485981308411214953271028
8478 moles in one ton of silver
1,411,000 * 8478
11,962,458,000 billion
12 billion moles of silver in the world
602,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 one mole
7,224,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 atoms of Silver
10,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 atoms in a human 100,000,000,000,000*100,000,000,000,000
100 trillion atoms in a human cell. Approximately the same number of cells are in the entire human body
1 moles H2O, 18.01528 grams.
1000 grams in a litre of water
average weight of a man 83,600 grams, 83kg
amino acid a protein with a mass of 64kDa has a molecular weight of 64,000 grams per mole. that's a heavey protein
12.001 grams of carbon contains the same # of atoms as 196.967 grams of gold
The adult human brain weighs about 3 pounds (1,300-1,400 g).
The adult human brain is about 2% of the total body weight.
The average human brain is 140 mm wide. 140,000000 140,000,000
The average human brain is 167 mm long. 167,000000
The average human brain is 140 mm height. 140,000000
3,273,200,000,000,000,000,000,000 nm in the human brain
7.5 nm wide.
height length
421 nm
1.4e+8 to decimal = 140,000000
how many nm in 1 mm 1,000,000
181,881 tons of gold
1nm A hydrogen atom is about 0.1 nanometers
Atoms used in silicon chip fabrication are around 0.2nm
how many nanometers in a millimeter 1,000,000 nm
cubic nanometer (nm³) measurement unit of volume with sides equal to one nanometer
1 cubic mm of silicon there are 125,000,000,000,000,000,000 atoms. 125=5x5x5 1 cubic nm of silicon 125 atoms
1 cubic mm 1,000,000,000,000,000,000
light speed in meters per second
300,000,000 meters
300,000,000,000 millimeters
300,000,000,000,000 micrometers
300,000,000,000,000,000 nanometers
electron speed in meters per second
2,200,000 meters
2,200,000,000 millimeters
2,200,000,000,000 micrometers
2,200,000,000,000,000 nanometers
a high-end desktop x86 processor can execute over
100,000,000,000 billion instructions per second
2,200,000,000,000,000/100,000,000,000
22,000 nanometers per instructions
Intel 4004 92,000 instructions per second
100,000,000,000 billion instructions per second
Moore's "law," which forecasts processor power will double every two years,
1971 to 2017 46 years 46/2 23 years
92,000 ips 2300tc 50 years/2 25 steps of doubling
184,000 1 4600
368,000 2 9200
736,000 3 18400
1,472,000 4 36000
2,944,000 5
5,888,000 6
11,776,000 7
23,552,000 8
47,104,000 9
94,208,000 10
188,416,000 11
376,832,000 12
753,664,000 13
1,507,328,000 14
3,014,656,000 15
6,029,312,000 16
12,058,624,000 17
24,117,248,000 18
48,234,496,000 19 1,205,862,400
96,468,992,000 20 2,411,724,800
192,937,984,000 21 4,823,449,600
385,875,968,000 22 9,646,899,200 transistor count
771,751,936,000 23 19,293,798,400 tc
1,543,503,872,000 24 38,587,596,800 tc
3,087,007,744,000 25 77,175,193,600 transistor count
another 50 years gives below results should not be possible for moores law to go for another 50 years reach a peek
approaching one nanometer scale within the next 9 years 2025
103,582,791,429,521,400,000 inst per sec, 2,589,569,785,738,035,000 tc by 2071
bruteforce was never an option
kiloFLOPS kFLOPS 10^3 1000
megaFLOPS MFLOPS 10^6 1000000
gigaFLOPS GFLOPS 10^9
teraFLOPS TFLOPS 10^12
petaFLOPS PFLOPS 10^15
exaFLOPS EFLOPS 10^18
zettaFLOPS ZFLOPS 10^21
yottaFLOPS YFLOPS 10^24
worlds fastest super computer 2016
93,000,000,000,000,000 93petaFLOPS quadrillion floating point operations per second
900,000,000,000,000,000,000 all the world computers
How much computing power is there on earth
The median estimate we know of is 10^18 FLOPS. According to that median estimate and our estimate of global computing hardware,
if the world's entire computing capacity could be directed at running minds around as efficient as those of humans,
we would have the equivalent of 200-1500 extra human minds.
10,000,000,000,000,000,000 all the world computers
i3 os windows 10 real time
Floating Point Operations/Second:
97,372,708
Integer Operations/Second:
206,342,312
today it takes
4 years to double performance
cpu mostly use a single layer of transistors 14nm 70 atoms think in all 3 dimensions 70*70*70, dimensions maxium 343,000 atoms
ryzen
Transistor count is .... 8-core Ryzen, 4,800,000,000, 2017, AMD, 14 nm, 192 mm² 2017
300,000,000,000 billion instructions
1090t 45nm, 346mm2 in size, contains ~904 million transistors 2010 78,000,000,000 billion inst
1 billion on 2010
2 billion on 2012
4 billion on 2014
8 billion on 2016
16 billion on 2018
32 billion on 2020
