The fact that you're asking ME is an indictment of the educational system, and a demonstration of Gramsci's "Long March Through The Institutions".
Short answer: UBI is NOT "progressives", it's NOT a new idea. "From each according to his ability, to each according to his need", has NEVER worked, and is a age-old recipe for slavery, because it ALWAYS involves the initiation of force, forcibly making someone contribute to "the larger whole" for "the greater good", without choice. Hence, "universal"; "everyone in, nobody out." (That's why communist countries build walls to keep their slaves in, and why they try to escape to free countries, instead of people in free countries escaping to communist one...) And who will be "distributing the wealth" (or, "redistributing", to be accurate)? Who "decides" what's basic enough? And distributed "fairly"? And if someone objects, that they're not getting enough? Or complains that someone is getting MORE than they are? Recipe for disaster.
I can't answer that in a simple post, nor should I have to, when the whole of modern history is lesson enough. And I refuse to debate with communists/socialists on the matter, because I don't debate or negotiate with terrorists.
But if you're sincere, or simply too young to know better, because the schools have indoctrinated you, and are asking because you don't know: Look at the results of Soviet Russia and Communist China, for starter, and the death counts of Mao and Stalin, who murdered MORE people than Hitler (also a socialist, despite what the Communists would tell you; NAZI= "National Socialism"), including their OWN people. (And don't believe the bull of "that wasn't TRUE communism.") Look at the French Revolution, where the cry of "Liberty, Equality, Fraternity" turned into the "Reign of Terror."
For a basic economics lesson of WHY UBI doesn't work: in a nutshell: becaues a country cannot consume more than it produces. Because money does not grow on trees. The arguments have been made long ago, and if you don't agree with them, well, then, you won't agree with me. But if you're not familiar with them, then, to start: I'll refer you to Ludwig von Mises' HUMAN ACTION, Henry Hazlitt's ECONOMICS IN ONE LESSON, and Ayn Rand's ATLAS SHRUGGED and CAPITALISM: THE UNKNOWN IDEAL, and the argument that in mixed capitalist/socialist economies, it's always capitalism that gets the blame for socialist failures. Look at the people lifted out of poverty through freedom and free markets, vs. the death counts of socialist countries, which promise equality, but only made people equal by cutting everyone down to the same size.
Long story short:
"TANSTAAFL". (Or, "There ain't no such thing as a "free lunch.")