I am assuming we are talking about illicit drugs here and I'd say no. I've known a few people who've overdosed on fent and survived and at other times on their 3rd overdose, they end up dying from the OD. I lost someone recently from it a few years ago.
The drugs even if they don't kill you from the OD are still most likely doing harm to your body and that harm over time can make you more susceptible to later overdoses.