you need to know the type explosive like TNT C4
TNT releases about 4.184 MJ/kg of energy.
So, 100g of TNT = 0.1 kg × 4.184 MJ/kg = ~0.418 MJ (418,000 joules) of energy.
The force created by
100 grams of high explosives depends on several factors, including the type of explosive, how it's detonated, how the energy is transferred to surrounding materia
100g of TNT could seriously injure or kill within 1–2 meters via blast pressure and shrapnel.
It could break windows or cause property damage in a 3–5 meter radius, depending on surroundings.
A peak overpressure of around 50–100 kPa (7–15 psi) within a few meters, which is enough to rupture eardrums or collapse lungs.
Typical lethal pressure threshold for humans is ~35–70 kPa.
on impact" (e.g., pressure wave, impulse, peak overpressure, etc.).
Force (in newtons) depends on
how fast the energy is released and
how it's applied (area, time, medium, etc.). In explosives, we often deal with:
- Blast pressure (P) – measured in Pascals (N/m²)
- Impulse (I) – total force over time (N·s)
- Overpressure – above ambient pressure, important for damage assessment
The energy required to
penetrate a human skull depends on multiple factors, such as the
object used (e.g. bullet, blade, blunt tool),
speed,
angle, and the
thickness/density of the skull at the impact site.
- Studies show it typically takes 70–120 joules to penetrate the human skull with a bullet.
- Example: A standard .22 LR bullet (~40 grains) traveling at ~330 m/s has ~160 joules of energy — enough to penetrate the skull at close range.
Decapitating a human requires
significantly more energy than penetrating the skull, because you're cutting through:
- Skin
- Muscles (neck has many)
- Major blood vessels
- The cervical vertebrae (bones of the neck)
- Ligaments and connective tissue
