Sodium Nitrate
Sodium Nitrate induces
Methemoglobinemia which happens due elevated levels of methemoglobin, which are naturally present in the body at healthy levels between 1-2%. Methemoglobin is a useless form of hemoglobin which is the protein in red blood cells. It cannot bind to oxygen, means it cannot carry oxygen to tissues and heart❤ which can cause tissue hypoxia thus death.
In Methemoglobin, the iron is oxidised in the Fe3+ (ferric) state, not the Fe2+ (ferrous) of normal hemoglobin. Brain iron uptake is mediated by the blood-brain barrier which is vascular barrier which protects the brain and ensures that there is a precisely balanced iron level
[1]. Perhaps the blood-brain barrier protects the brain and limits the amount of methemoglobin in the brain keeping it safe. The barrier also protects the dispersion of solutes in the blood
[2], like our SN mixture which means that it can not reach the brain and generate methemoglobin. Since the brain is healthy and not deprived of oxygen it can repair the different parts of the body and lead to a full recovery.
It is also worth noting that the brain and muscles naturally form a low amount of methemoglobin.
[3]
Carbon monoxide poisoning
CO works differently by combining hemoglobin to form carboxyhemoglobin, instead of forming a useless type of hemoglobin like SN. It decreases oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood and limits oxygen transfer to the
brain. Brain death.
TLDR: SN fucks up your tissues, CO fucks up your brain. Tissue hypoxia vs Cerebral hypoxia.
This was an interesting question so I did a bit of research, however I am not a chemistry major so I may not be 100% correct so please do your own research.
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