I am not well read and neither a scientist, so all of what I'm going to say is pure speculation.
There are several suicide prevention methods that do in fact work, some of them are:
1. Making attractive methods unavailable, and thereby raising the threshold for people to kill themselves. An easy (reverse) example of this mechanism would be legalizing Nembutal, which would probably raise the numbers of suicides, or it would be a factor for an increase. There might be other factors that would decrease the suicide rates after a legalization of Nembutal; for example, people might not become desperate and rush into a suicide because they know they have a peaceful, reliable method at their disposal.
2. Stigma and controlling people by psychiatric power. People are less likely to attempt suicide if they are treated like criminals by the institutions and ostracized by friends and family in case of a failed attempt. But stigma could also be a factor that increases suicide rates by alienating people and driving them into isolation and desperation.
3. You mentioned hotlines. These serve the functions described in 2), they are there to hand you over to psychiatric power or, if they can, talk you down from it. I can only imagine this as being a temporary band aid in the cases it is successful and if nothing changes in the person's life, they will attempt in the future.
4. (Empty) hope, optimism, motivational talks and so on. This is part of every psychotherapeutic model, for example CBT, albeit in a negative sense, by using reason to attack your pessimistic assessments of your life situation. I am not yet sure what to think of hope. When people express that they have hope, or that there is a reason to have hope, they mean that there is still a probability of circumstances turning out in your favor. You might confabulate hope out of thin air by deluding yourself into thinking that things are looking better than they actually are, and in this sense, they are merely a way to distract, a band-aid. "False" hope (based on a false assessment of probabilities) will keep you alive, but only as long as you don't see through them.
Edit:
5. Censorship. You might have heard of the Werther effect, which is the phenomenon of an increase in suicide rates after people are exposed to famous (or even fictional) people taking their own lives. So censoring accounts of suicides, which is practiced in a very elaborate manner—there are rules for example to never call a suicide 'successful', never include the method, etc—will prevent suicides; simply because, if the idea never occured to you and got into your head, or the idea that suicide is a viable option never occured to you, you will either not consider it at all or shy away from it.
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6. Everything that actually improves the person's condition or circumstances, so real help, someone offering you a job, someone helping you file for unemployment, someone giving you money, someone helping you move, someone being there for you, solving your problems or help you acquire the necessary skills to deal with problems.
But this is not what people think about when they think of 'suicide prevention'. They want some easy, quick fix, or a complicated fix as long as they don't have to do the work (they can hand it over to psychiatry).
There is an conflict of interest between suicide preventionists and us if you think about it. Preventionists hold that suicide is the problem, preventing it is the solution; while for us suffering is the problem and suicide is the (or a) solution. What we want is a solution to our suffering, what they want is stop us from killing ourselves. Suicide preventionists never talk about suffering and when they do, it's always the suffering of those left behind.
Have seen plenty of suicide prevention campaigns, posting hotlines, quotes and even motivational content, but does it work?
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This shit is simply self absorbed, virtue signaling, hypocritical, disgusting vomit. I would have more respect for someone who tells me straight to my face that he doesn't give a shit about me than these cunts, who say they do but act like they don't.