Both! It can be true and it can be false. It depends on the situation, it depends on who is doing the action and to whom is the action being done to. It is direct responsability if, say, you give birth and raise a child in a bad environment when you know it's a bad environment but you pretend that it isn't. It is indirect if a child is born and raised by someone else.
There is more to this but I have to think about it. Good topic though!
edit: But for sure there is responsability! Though as @destinationlosangel said, there are times when it is difficult or impossible to change things. : (