The death penalty is not justice; it is an abominable and medieval act that does not make the world safer but only more violent. Data clearly shows that capital punishment is not an effective deterrent: in the United States, states that apply it often have higher murder rates than those that have abolished it. International studies have found that in several countries, after the abolition of the death penalty, the murder rate decreased. This demonstrates that capital punishment is not only morally questionable but also ineffective in preventing crime.
On the other hand, humane treatment of inmates and a prison system based on rehabilitation and social reintegration reduce recidivism and contribute to a safer society. Experiences like those at Bollate prison in Italy show that providing inmates with education and work opportunities significantly lowers the likelihood of reoffending. In Nordic countries such as Iceland, Norway, and Finland, the prison system is focused on recovery and reintegration, and recidivism rates are among the lowest in the world. In Norway, only 20% of released prisoners reoffend within two years, while Finland has one of the lowest incarceration rates in Europe, proving that cruelty is not necessary to ensure safety.
Italy itself is among the countries with the lowest murder rates in the world, far lower than countries like the United States, where the death penalty is still enforced in several states. This demonstrates that it is not the severity of punishment that reduces crime but rather an effective judicial system, social policies that prevent hardship, and access to rehabilitation programs.
There are also concrete examples of people who, after committing serious crimes, have rehabilitated themselves and contributed positively to society. Shaka Senghor, after committing murder, became an author and activist for justice reform. Wilbert Rideau, convicted of murder, became an award-winning journalist. Cosimo Rega, a former member of the Camorra, found his redemption through theater. Anna Maria Franzoni, convicted of the murder of her three-year-old son, served her sentence and has now reintegrated without reoffending.
A particularly controversial case is Cesare Battisti, a terrorist from the Armed Proletarians for Communism, sentenced to life imprisonment for four murders committed during the "Years of Lead." For decades, he lived under the protection of the Mitterrand Doctrine, a French policy that granted asylum to former terrorists as long as they renounced armed struggle. Battisti rebuilt his life in France and later in Brazil, writing books and working as an intellectual, until his arrest in 2019 and extradition to Italy. His case divided public opinion: some see him as a criminal who unjustly benefited from legal loopholes, while others consider him an example of how life can take a different path after crime.
Some argue that an approach like Sweden's, which offers better prison conditions, might encourage crime. However, while Sweden has recently faced an increase in gang-related violence, countries with similar systems, such as Iceland, Norway, and Finland, continue to have some of the lowest crime rates in the world. This suggests that the solution is not turning prisons into places of torture but rather addressing the root causes of crime with effective social and educational policies.
In the end, the real question is: what kind of justice do we want? A blind and vengeful justice that kills in the name of the law, or a justice that protects society without lowering itself to the level of murderers? If the State behaves like those it condemns, then it is no better than them.
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Northern European prisons are often cited as examples of penitentiary structures focused on rehabilitation and the social reintegration of inmates.
View attachment 159235A notable case is Bastøy Island in Norway, where the prison has no bars, and inmates live in conditions that encourage responsibility and reintegration into society.
View attachment 159236 This approach is based on the belief that treating inmates with dignity and providing them with education, psychological support, and financial assistance can significantly reduce recidivism rates.
View attachment 159238 The goal is to prevent crime by addressing its root causes, such as social inequalities and stigma, rather than imposing severe punishments.
View attachment 159239In Italy, there are initiatives aimed at moving beyond the traditional prison model.
View attachment 159240 The "Senza Sbarre" project proposes alternatives to detention based on work, integration, and personal redemption, offering inmates the opportunity to reintegrate into society in a positive way.
View attachment 159241Investing in a strong welfare state and promoting policies that reduce inequalities can help decrease the propensity for crime. Providing support to inmates during and after detention is essential to ensuring a real chance for reintegration and building a fairer and safer society. Below are some images illustrating the world's most humane prisons: Bastøy Prison, Norway - An example of a facility without bars, focused on inmate rehabilitation. "Senza Sbarre" Project in Italy - An initiative aimed at creating alternatives to traditional detention through work and integration. These facilities represent models of how a humane and recovery-oriented prison system can contribute to a more just and secure society.